Colonoscopy and gastroscopy under general anesthesia: what it is

Colonoscopy is an endoscopic examination in which a doctor examines the inner surface of the colon using a thin flexible probe with a camera. Gastroscopy is an examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The information below about sedation, anesthesia, risks, and sensations refers to colonoscopy and does not apply to gastroscopy.

What colonoscopy under general anesthesia is and how it differs from gastroscopy

Colonoscopy allows the doctor to examine the entire colon and rectum, identify inflammation, polyps, tumors, and diverticulosis; biopsy and removal of growths are possible during the procedure. For colonoscopy, intravenous sedatives or anesthesia (general anesthesia) are used, usually together with a painkiller, so that the person is not awake and does not feel pain. During colonoscopy, a thin flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the anus, and a small amount of gas or water is delivered into the bowel to straighten the walls; bloating and a sensation of needing to have a bowel movement are possible.

How sedation differs from general anesthesia

These are options for medication support. Sedation is a medication given through a small tube in a vein to help the patient relax; painkillers are also possible during colonoscopy. General anesthesia is a state in which the person is not conscious during the procedure. The specific option is chosen by the doctor taking into account the patient's condition; not all hospitals offer all options — this should be asked about in advance. During the procedure, polyps are removed or a cell sample is taken, and the person does not feel this.

Why the examination is called painless

The test may be uncomfortable but should not be painful; if there is pain, you should tell the doctor or nurse in order to receive help. With sedation, the person is relaxed. The colonoscopy itself usually takes 30–60 minutes, and the person spends about 2 hours at the clinic.

Who is more often given the examination under general anesthesia or sedation

There is no single rule according to which general anesthesia is mandatory for a certain age or diagnosis; the pain relief option is chosen by the doctor.

Possible risks and side effects

Complications are rare. After the procedure, the patient is monitored in the recovery room, and after a biopsy, slight bleeding is possible. After sedation, you must not drive for 24 hours, and an accompanying person is needed.

• bloating and abdominal cramps after the examination;
• minor bleeding from the anus;
• reaction to sedation;
• rarely — bowel perforation.

When to discuss pain relief with the doctor

The pain relief option is discussed with the doctor before the procedure if there has previously been a reaction to sedation or if the patient plans to get home independently. If fever or chills occur after colonoscopy, contact the clinic where the examination was performed.

The examination itself is not a reason to call an ambulance; 103/112 — if after colonoscopy there is severe bleeding from the anus or the bleeding intensifies, chest pain, severe abdominal pain that increases, or vomiting that does not stop.

This material is for reference and does not replace consultation with a doctor.

This content is for reference and does not replace a doctor's consultation. Medical disclaimer