Newborn Acne: What It Is, What It Looks Like, and Why It Appears

You have noticed small pimples on your newborn's cheeks and do not understand where they came from. Acne in general is a common and non-serious skin condition; it is best to show a newborn's pimples to a doctor. We will explain what it looks like and in which cases a doctor's examination is needed.

What newborn acne is

Acne is an inflammatory skin condition that occurs when a hair follicle becomes blocked by sebum and dead cells. Bacteria can multiply in blocked follicles, causing inflammation and pus. Acne is not considered a severe disease, but it can leave marks on the skin. Acne in general most often affects the face, neck, back, chest, and shoulders. Acne in newborns has its own characteristics, so a doctor should assess the infant's skin and make the diagnosis.

Why infant acne appears in a baby

The exact cause of acne is not fully known. It is thought that changes in hormonal levels play a role. Increased sebum production and bacterial growth in blocked follicles are involved in the mechanism. Myths about dirty skin and chocolate are not confirmed: pimples and blackheads are not caused by dirt, and diet in most cases has little effect on acne. Stress by itself does not cause breakouts, but it can make them worse. Some medications and skin or hair products that make the skin oily may also contribute to acne.

What acne looks like: face and neck

The rash in acne can vary. It may be white bumps the color of the skin, black and brown flat spots, pink or red bumps, and on darker skin, brown or purple ones. Bumps with purulent contents also occur. The skin may look oily and sometimes become hot or painful to the touch.

Acne typically involves different types of lesions at the same time — from white bumps to pustules.

When a doctor is needed

The appearance of large painful nodules under the skin or signs of a skin infection — hot, swollen, reddened skin — is a reason to show the child to a doctor. On dark skin, redness is harder to notice.

Consequences of acne

Acne is not a serious condition, but it can leave scars. Scars occur due to inflammation in the dermis and, according to statistics, affect most people with acne. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation — darkening of the skin after breakouts — is more common in people with darker skin and can persist for months. In addition, acne can affect mental health, causing anxiety, depression, and reduced self-esteem.

When a baby's rash requires a doctor's examination

You should consult a doctor if the rash does not go away, there are many lesions, the lesions are deep and painful or leave scars, and also if there are signs of a skin infection. The doctor examines the skin and, if necessary, refers the patient to a dermatologist. If treatment does not help or the condition affects mood and well-being, medical help should also be sought.

• The rash does not decrease over time
• Deep painful lesions have appeared
• The skin is hot, swollen, reddened
• Scars or persistent dark spots remain
• The condition affects mood or well-being

Newborn acne by itself is not a reason to call an ambulance; 103 or 112 — for a life-threatening condition of the child.

This material is for reference: it helps to understand the situation but does not replace a doctor's consultation.

This content is for reference and does not replace a doctor's consultation. Medical disclaimer